Cyprus officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country located in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, north of the Sinai Peninsula, south of the. Cyprus officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country located in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, north of the Sinai Peninsula, south of the. . The climate changed from warm to cold in the 3rd. Knights in shining armor, swordplay, jousting, intrigue, and superstition–who doesn't love a good story from the Middle Ages? A fan favorite. The Dark Ages were 'dark' in the Western Europe because of three reasons: * Climate change.